At least 1,095 British Columbians are believed to have been lost to the toxic. 00252 days ago · Aspergillus flavus can cause mildew in corn, peanuts, and other foods as well as animal feed, which seriously endangers human and livestock health; thus, preventing A. The clinical effect of BTX is a highly specific, but reversible, inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) release. Some chemicals are hazardous because of their physical properties: they can explode, burn or react easily with other chemicals. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the incidence of diabetes has increased from 0. (tŏk′sĭn) n. Oxidation often stresses or lyses cyanobacteria cells releasing the cyanotoxin to the water. Uremic toxins are classified into three categories: free water-soluble low-molecular-weight solutes, p. Purpose. 8°C). 5 to 102°F (38. Some species of naturally occurring marine algae (phytoplankton) have the ability to produce toxins that can cause consumer illness. Start your day by waking up with a glass of warm or cold lemon water. Since gasoline can burn and its vapors can explode, gasoline is also hazardous. coli strains produce a second type of Stx, Stx2, that has the same mode of action as Stx/Stx1 but that is antigenically distinct. While no formal studies have linked lemon water to detoxing, water is an essential part of a healthy, functioning metabolism. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous gene loci among bacteria and are comprised of a toxin part and its cognate antitoxin part. 7. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical. The AB toxins are two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria, though there is a pore-forming AB toxin found in the eggs of a snail. How To Detox. Most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming toxins responsible for gangrenes and gastrointestinal diseases. 1. 72. Mycotoxins in Foods. CONTRIBUTED CONTENT – Consistent exposure to toxins each day adds up for your child. Protein toxins produced by bacteria represent novel and potent cytotoxic agents that may be coupled to specific carrier ligands used for cellular targeting. toxicology, study of poisons and their effects, particularly on living systems. Участник. Supporting your gut microbiome by increasing foods that contain prebiotics, fermented foods, and high-antioxidant foods. The theory behind the pads is that when placed on the bottom of the feet, they absorb toxins, heavy metals, metabolic wastes, parasites, and even cellulite from your body as you sleep. Clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in severe diseases in humans and other animals. See examples of TOXINS used in a sentence. Aflatoxins are considered unavoidable. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. If you’re having this before breakfast, wait at least 30 minutes before eating. Poison - Toxins, Venoms, Chemicals: In regard to poisoning, chemicals can be divided into three broad groups: agricultural and industrial chemicals, drugs and health care products, and biological poisons—i. BoNTs are also widely utilized as therapeutic toxins. Toxic Effects . Overview. doi: 10. More than 1,000 chemicals are known to have neurotoxic effects in animals. Michael A. Only certain molds and fungi produce mycotoxins that can make you sick if. Toxins are the major pathogenicity factors produced by numerous bacteria involved in severe diseases in humans and animals. Further, any substance ingested in a sufficient quantity can likewise be toxic. [5] [6] The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by. Да, я ношу Guess, но я не обычный парень. Several things can damage it. One dictionary defines them as “Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for another organism”. Israel says no hostages will be released before Friday. Sweet peas frozen : 7. This toxin is made by Clostridium botulinum and sometimes Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii bacteria. aureus is defined by a large repertoire of virulence factors, among which secreted toxins play a preeminent role. For example, different families of. Potatoes 12. Environmental toxins aren’t just human-made, but they also naturally occur in the environment like arsenic, lead, mercury, radon, formaldehyde, benzene and cadmium. Toxicon: X offers authors with high-quality research who want to publish in a gold open access journal the opportunity to make their work immediately, permanently, and freely accessible. It prevents the release of the. Extracorporeal therapies have been used to remove toxins from the body for over 50 years and have a greater role than ever before in the treatment of poisonings. Their new study is similar to a review the two researchers published. edu. Detox Your Diet: Buy organic, and always wash your food: neurotoxic pesticide levels are way lower in children who get organic foods. A flavonol naturally occurring in red wines may interfere with the body’s ability to metabolize alcohol, causing an accumulation of toxins that can lead to swift headaches,. Toxin Reviews delivers up-to-date research on toxins, their characteristics, activities, and mechanisms of action, ranging in scope from new, underutilized substances, through anti-venoms to chemical and biological weapons. Saxitoxin is water soluble and both heat-stable and acid-stable. 1. Misleading products. Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that causes a variety of severe diseases. Mycotoxins are natural toxins produced by fungi in a range of food and feed commodities, with potent carcinogenic aflatoxins (particularly aflatoxin B 1 or AFB1) being considered of significant risk to human health. After his father’s unexpected death from alcohol use disorder in 2017, evolutionary biologist Noah. Effective strategies to treat or prevent remains one of the most challenging undertakings in the medical field. The possibilities and flavor combos are endless!#toxis @toxisss. aureus colonizes the nasopharynx of many individuals, but this colonization can be the source for infections [ 3] that vary from superficial mild skin. 1. Getty Images/Jaromir Chalabala / EyeEm. 0012* Botulinum Toxin C1 Mouse IV 0. F. Among them, perfringolysin has been extensively studied and it is the paradigm. Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. drink more water or juices. This allows for the salt to. red eyes, mouth and throat. These. Your kidneys filter your blood as well, removing byproducts of digestion and other bodily processes by producing the urine that flushes them from your body. Try to eat food labeled as USDA organic if you can. The pectin from the lemon aids in digestion, helping to make lemon a phenomenal detoxifying. WASHINGTON – Today, the U. You work through the rest of the routine and leave feeling. Learn more. 2021-02-01. This creates the perfect storm for insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. The human body is approximately 60% water, and it is the environment in which all. Substances such as mercury, aluminum, dioxin, pesticides, asbestos, trichlorethylene, and many other industrial and environmental toxins have been associated with autoimmunity in both animal and human models. [1] An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. Ventilation and “Off-Gassing”. Saxitoxin and the related paralytic shellfish toxins are selective sodium channel blockers that reversibly bind the voltage-gated sodium channels of neurons. These pretty flowering plants contain toxins that may cause vomiting, diarrhea, coma, and potentially even death. Biological toxins are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, protozoa, plants, reptiles, amphibians, fish, echinoderma (spiny urchins and starfish), mollusks, and insects. If oxidation is required to meet other treatment objectives, consider using lower doses of an oxidant less likely to lyse cells. WebXtra: Annual Tyler Turkey Trot benefits fight against sex trafficking. For example, the mechanism by which your cells obtain energy produces free radicals. Saxitoxin is water soluble and both heat-stable and acid-stable. Saxitoxin and the related paralytic shellfish toxins are selective sodium channel blockers that reversibly bind the voltage-gated sodium channels of neurons. The majority of toxins are enzymes that interfere with translation or DNA replication, but a wide variety of molecular activities and cellular targets have been. Enter the length or pattern for better results. It is one of the significant toxins constituting approximately 40–60% of the cobra venom (Gasanov et al. As a pet owner, you want to keep your furry friend safe and healthy, but your pet’s curious nature sometimes can get him into trouble. The toxins could have an immediate effect on your muscles or it might be delayed. Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to substances used in chemotherapy, radiation treatment, drug therapies, and organ transplants, as well as exposure to heavy. Three-finger toxins (TFTs) comprise one of largest families of snake venom toxins. Cabbages 5. Obligingly, your pores dilate and your skin is soon slick with perspiration. 3, 2023, in Lahaina, Hawaii. Mycotoxins can be toxic when inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or consumed at very low concentration levels, which means that. The problem, of course, is that this is only the tip of the iceberg as the incidence of metabolic syndrome is even. Your skin may also become very pale as a result of the poisoning and you may feel unwell or sick to your stomach. Claim: Placing a raw, cut onion in contact with your foot overnight u201cpurifies your bloodu201d, removes u201ctoxinsu201d, and heals your body. aching muscles. By morning, the once white foot pads would appear. The event benefit's the Rapahope Children's Retreat Foundation. The body naturally repairs during sleep, and this is particularly true for the detoxification process. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain moulds (fungi) and can be found in food. Toxin Definition. 4. Certain Aspergillus species may. There are many toxins in food to consider avoiding, including pesticides, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. Nausea, diarrhea, anemia, headache, and depression due to metal toxins. In 1965, the American Cancer Society added Coley’s toxins to its “Unproven Methods of Cancer Therapy. As large fish eat smaller fish, some of these toxins can accumulate to higher levels in large fish at the top of the food chain. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. 2. The anthrax toxin components and receptors. Unfortunately, there are certain types of environmental mycotoxins that are harder to identify and prevent. ] may affect our health. A drop of sweat slides down the bridge of your nose and pools on your yoga mat. Most of the poisonous higher plants are angiosperms, or flowering plants, but only a small percentage are recognized as poisonous. The remainder of the so-called toxins in vaccines bring up exactly the same issues as highlighted here. It consists of 59–62 amino acids with molecular weights ranging from 6 to 9 kDa ( Munawar, Ali, Akrem, & Betzel, 2018 ). C. After purchasing new furniture, it would be wise to let it “off-gas” or “air out” outside or in a garage with lots of ventilation. anthracis: lethal toxin (LT, composed of LF + PA) and edema toxin (ET, composed of EF + PA) [ 8 ]. A clinically and functionally important complication as a result of drug use, chemotherapy, or toxin exposure is the development of a subacute or chronic peripheral neuropathy. Toxin Reviews delivers up-to-date research on toxins, their characteristics, activities, and mechanisms of action, ranging in scope from new, underutilized substances, through anti-venoms to chemical and biological weapons. Oregon man competes in Turkey Trot after devastating accident. On November 13, 2023, Taiwan notified the WTO of a new draft amendment for Sanitation Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (G/SPS/N/TPKM/621). 10. Step 1: Start with comprehensive blood work & gut testing. Toxics is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics . These toxins are not harmful to the organisms themselves but they may be toxic to other creatures, including humans, when eaten. The above are all scientifically proven ways you can improve and/or maintain your health without the need for fad detox cleanses or supplements. Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or organized as oligomeric protein complexes and are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. Check nutrient markers, and also inflammatory markers like CRP-hs. Avoid fast food or eat it less often. Download PDF Copy. Vogelbaum, Christopher A. The protein component determines its foreign (antigenic) nature; the polysaccharide component determines theBacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are abundant genetic elements that encode a toxin protein capable of inhibiting cell growth and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. Alpha-toxin, also known as alpha-hemolysin (Hla), is the major cytotoxic agent released by bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the first identified member of the pore forming beta-barrel toxin family. Cyanobacteria are found almost everywhere, but particularly in lakes and in the ocean where, under high concentration of phosphorus. Solanines and chaconine. , the Wisconsin. toxssin is an open-source penetration testing tool that automates the process of exploiting Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. With more than 100 species, Aspergillus contains several that are capable of producing mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid, ochratoxin A, and sterigmatocystin. These enzymes destroy red blood cells. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi (mycotoxigenic fungi) on the different substrates where they grow. Toxicity is a measurement of the dosage needed of a particular substance to damage a living organism. Put the onion in the socks, making sure the onions are tight against the bottom of your feet. Noah Whiteman. That’s why I’m suing for answers Sat 18 Nov 2023 01. Exercising. Certain pathogenic bacteria synthesize only one toxin which is responsible for all the symptoms and outcome of the disease. Here, the authors catalogue eCIS loci. This occurs primarily during deep sleep. Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. 2 days ago · The Food and Drug Administration advises consumers not to eat, and restaurants and food retailers not to sell and to dispose of oysters illegallyHypotension can cause shock, including the symptoms of dizziness and confusion. coli). Juicing and other detox diets. The exfoliative toxins are proteolytic. The province's coroner on. On November 13, 2023, Taiwan notified the WTO of a new draft amendment for Sanitation Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (G/SPS/N/TPKM/621). Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Yet it has been well-documented as far back as the 1850s, as. Journals. 973 bp, total locus size 19. Increased awareness and improved recognition of pertussis among clinicians. toxin: [noun] a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the tissues, and typically capable of inducing antibody formation. An aspergillus infection can weaken the plants. Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins (botulinum toxins) under low-oxygen conditions. In the environment, dioxins settle on soil and in the water, then pass into the food chain. Proponents of the Master Cleanse diet recommend adhering to it for at least 10 days. For botulinum toxin- SV2. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI. The problem, of course, is that this is only the tip of the iceberg as the incidence of metabolic syndrome is even. J. Blood Testing. Find 12 different ways to say TOXINS, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus. Using Bacterial Toxins to Foster Human Health. Long-term exposure to heavy metals may lead to physical, muscular, and neurological degenerative processes. “Detoxification”. The extracellular Contractile Injection System (eCIS) is a toxin-delivery particle that mediates interactions between bacteria and their invertebrate hosts. Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted mainly by Corynebacterium diphtheriae but also by Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. A flavonol naturally occurring in red wines may interfere with the body’s ability to metabolize alcohol, causing an accumulation of toxins that can lead to swift headaches, suggests the study. These bacteria can produce the toxin in food. Common human medications that are potential toxins that cause dog seizures include: Analgesics (Aspirin and Ibuprofen) Antidepressants (SSRIs and TCAs) Theophylline (asthma medication) Chlorpheniramine (antihistamine) 5-Fluorouacil (cancer medication) Beta-Blockers (cardiac medication) Decongestants (Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine)Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Toxins are substances created by plants and animals that are poisonous (toxic) to humans. Heavy metals are present in water, food, dental amalgams, cigarettes, and industrial. 3. Dr. e. Poisons. Muscle aches and pains. Autoimmune disorders, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease from lectin toxicity. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Antitoxins", 5 letters crossword clue. Scientists are studying how exposure to environmental toxins [=small amounts of poisons found in air, water, food, etc. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical. 2 days ago · Aspergillus flavus can cause mildew in corn, peanuts, and other foods as well as animal feed, which seriously endangers human and livestock health; thus,. In general, you can reduce exposure to toxins by purchasing organic meat and produce. Type II toxins are typically phospholipases or pore-forming cytotoxins that disrupt the integrity of eukaryotic cell membranes. Little, Brown Spark, $30. However the less you move, the more that fluid. For example, botulinum toxins (BoNTs) and tetanus toxin (TeNT) are the unique causal. Because subtypes of. Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents developed for chemical warfare during World. Mild forms of toxic hepatitis may not cause any symptoms and may be detected only by blood tests. 2. Many human prescription drugs have a significant potential to be toxic to small animals. Quick Facts. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. Длительностью: 01:58. Written by Dr. Your joints hurt, feel swollen, and/or radiate pain. INM’s mission is to transform healthcare in America by increasing both public awareness of naturopathic medicine and access to naturopathic doctors for patients. a red rash like sunburn found on the hands and feet that peels. e. 2 hours ago · Daniel Skousen vacuums his home, damaged by August’s wildfire, on Friday, Nov. Avoiding Toxins in Food. The ACS would eventually remove Coley’s Toxins from the list (10 years later) but by then the damage had been done. Choose canned food labeled as BPA-free when possible. The Article. Celery 11. Sometimes, of course, things do go wrong in this process. However, applied research demonstrates that these seemingly dastardly microbial proteins aren’t all bad. Brittle toenails. For Authors For Reviewers For Editors For Librarians For Publishers For Societies For Conference Organizers. Iandolo, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009 Soluble Exoproteins. Since drinking gasoline can cause burns, vomiting, diarrhea and, in very large amounts, drowsiness or death, it is toxic. They are usually composed of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential. A toxin can also be in the form of complex molecules such as the proteins found in snake venom. 6 to 38. S. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Choose canned food labeled as BPA-free when possible. Подписывайся и не пропускай. Read more. Dr. Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of toxic chemicals and. So far I have found that a many conventional laboratory tests increase within the “normal” range in proportion to toxin load: (1) complete blood count (CBC), which includes a red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, hemoglobin, and basophilic stippling; (2) liver. The severity and type of diseases caused by toxins can range from. It Improves Circulation. Open access. They are highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Since drinking gasoline can cause burns, vomiting, diarrhea and, in very large amounts, drowsiness or death, it is toxic. Structure and Types. Without enough rest, the body cannot detox naturally. For one mother, becoming a living organ donor was the least she could do to help save a life in the same way her daughter’s life was saved. Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a. Toxins definition: . Supporting your gut microbiome by increasing foods that contain prebiotics, fermented foods, and high-antioxidant foods. 00 EST Last modified. 7 5-7 Aerolysin Mouse IV 7* Botulinum Toxin A Mouse IP 0. e. Montgomery-area providers serve Thanksgiving meals to those in need. Hair loss. 0004 Botulinum Toxin E Mouse 0. The mycotoxin fumonisin can infect the corn kernel. It can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Clostridium sordellii. 9. The social ecological model, shown in Figure 1, is a multilevel systems approach used in public. Sprinkle Thieves Kitchen & Bath Scrub onto a wet surface or sponge, rub the surface for a sparkling clean finish, then rinse. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C 1, C 2, D, E, F and G). Poisons are substances that cause harm to organisms when sufficient quantities are absorbed, inhaled or ingested. The toxin binds to the channel of the protein and blocks the flow of sodium ions. For comprehensive blood work, pay particular attention to kidney and liver markers. There are ways to support your body's natural detoxification system, including: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. fast. Drinking only juices or. Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen. com. . Here are eight ways to reduce your risk of toxic exposure: 1. 2. Introduction. All serotypes interfere with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine, the principal. There are two mechanisms known for AB Toxins: One is the B subunit embed into the plasma membrane, and form a pore, by which the A subunit enters the cell. • Ricin. Here are six foods, ingredients, or compounds that are worth being concerned about. The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a resource for learning about toxic chemical releases and pollution prevention activities reported by industrial and federal. Purpose. Copious studies show whole foods including cruciferous vegetables, berries, garlic, and spices like turmeric can help your body detoxify through various pathways. 5. Little, Brown Spark, $30. 2. Avoid fast food or eat it less often. 154 to 789. Staphylococcus. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. An ionic foot detox is said to work by pulling the toxins out of your body through your feet. 1. Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Systemic (caused by the consumption of fresh, uncooked blood); and 2. Iannotti, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2012 Targeted toxins. #. The lethal toxin (PA+LF) provokes. Summary. A Navy structural engineer has determined the aircraft that overshot a runway and is currently. How do environmental toxins affect our health? A. 2% in 2013, representing an 8-fold increase. Such toxins have two different roles in disrupting the plasma membrane of host cells. For my purposes, toxins are defined broadly to include physical toxins (e. 4A: Toxins. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which causes progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Do this three times, and then get into bed for 30 minutes. A clinically and functionally important complication as a result of drug use, chemotherapy, or toxin exposure is the development of a subacute or chronic peripheral neuropathy. [3] The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919) [4] and is derived from the word "toxic". The lethality of poisons is given on a scale called the LD which is the lethal dose for 50% of the population. Watch out for supplements that contain aloe vera, black cohosh, cascara, chaparral, comfrey, ephedra, or kava. Besides the poisons produced by such microorganisms as bacteria, dinoflagellates, and algae, there are toxins from fungi (mycotoxins), higher plants (phytotoxins), and animals (zootoxins). One of the lesser known side effects of some toxins, poisons and chemicals is toxic neuropathy. February 1, 2021. This involved ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification before analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-MS/MS). Get quality sleep: Why rest is a detox essential. Many will use rideshare services like Uber this weekend to get to their holiday festivities, but some local drivers said they are being scammed out of hundreds of dollars through the app. Information. aureus infects the host, it produces many different virulence factors that. get plenty of sleep ( 1 ). Endotoxins are heat stable lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes which form structural components of cell wall of Gram Negative Bacteria and liberated only on cell lysis or death of bacteria. Largely invisible, most go undetected and are harmless if exposure is limited. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI. Smoking weed may expose you to the same type of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke, a new study finds. Fresh fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes are natural detox foods and good sources of fiber. Nevertheless, here is a representative selection, in ascending order, of five truly deadly poisons, all at least a hundred times more toxic than cyanide, arsenic or strychnine. Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important pathogen that causes a wide range of human infections, from minor skin infections to severe tissue infection and sepsis. His work has been published in peer-reviewed medical journals and he speaks at conferences around the globe. ). We see how one local non-profit is making sure local seniors get a little bit of both. The frequency of these infections is increasing and their treatment is becoming more difficult. Prenatal PFAS exposures that disrupt metabolism and immunity may cause immediate and lasting effects on both mother and child. The words toxin and venom are often used interchangeably, but actually mean two different things says JV Chamary explainsPractice hydrotherapy by taking a very hot shower for five minutes, allowing the water to run on your back. Toxins may also include some medicines that are helpful in. Ten thousand lives lost to illicit drugs since declaration of public health emergency. Many of the chemicals being spread as sewage sludge are untested or can’t be assessed. Aims. Madison man dies in Thanksgiving morning crash. Overview of the signal transduction portals (blue) modulated by bacterial, plant and animal toxins (orange). This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn, and less often in rice, sorghum, and triticale. S. Maldigestion, loss of liver detoxification function, and gut inflammation are all important topics, and for space considerations, they are topics for future editorials. Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical. On the other hand, the word “toxin” derived from the Greek “Toxikon” meaning “ (poison) for use on arrows”. Most Delicious Poison Noah Whiteman (Oneworld (UK); Little, Brown (US)). neuint. The clinical significance of many bacterial toxins is well recognized, and routine detection is necessary to confirm definitive diagnosis for some types of infectious diseases. Since gasoline can burn and its vapors can explode, gasoline is also hazardous. Some poisons make an organism sick, others may cause it to die and yet others may lead to subtle changes in health that may not be noticed for years. Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Besides. Toxics, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal.